Koj puas xav li cas 5G tshuab ua haujlwm? Puas muaj txiaj ntsig, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab yog dab tsi? Peb qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm 5G hu ua dab tsi? Hnub no tsab xov xwm npog tag nrho.
Lub ntiaj teb tau npaj rau 5G. Cov thev naus laus zis tau teeb tsa kom nrawm dua li nws cov neeg ua ntej. Thaum kawg ntawm 2035, nws tau kwv yees tias 5G yuav tsim tau $ 12.9 trillion hauv kev muag khoom thiab txhawb nqa ntau dua 20 lab txoj haujlwm. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas ib leeg, nws xav tias yuav tsim tau 3.5 lab txoj haujlwm tshiab thiab ntxiv USD 550 billion rau GDP. Apple tso tawm ob lub qauv tshiab ntawm nws cov iPhones: iPhone 12 thiab iPhone 13. Cov iPhones tshiab no tau nruab nrog 5G cov phiaj xwm. Xiaomi yog ib qho ntawm cov tuam txhab xov tooj uas tau pib koom nrog 5G rau lawv cov khoom. Nyem no kom paub seb Xiaomi cov xov tooj twg txhawb nqa 5G thev naus laus zis.
5G thev naus laus zis tshiab yuav tso cai rau cov tswv lag luam cais lub cev lub cev rau ntau lub network virtual. Lawv yuav siv tau cov hlais sib txawv raws li lawv qhov tseem ceeb. Cov neeg siv yuav tuaj yeem pom 360-degree saib ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm cov kwj sib txawv ntawm ib zaug. Qhov ceev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov tsheb yuav txhim kho tau zoo. Ib yam li ntawd, nws yuav muaj peev xwm siv lub network hlais mus xauj ib feem ntawm lub network los pab lawv tus kheej cov kev xav tau.
Cov thev naus laus zis yuav tsim los siv cov hlwb me me nyob ze cov neeg siv khoom. Cov hlwb no yuav muab tso rau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov rooj tog hauv kev, thiab yuav muaj "ntse" antennas uas tuaj yeem tswj tau ntau kab teeb rau cov neeg siv khoom. Qhov no yuav ua rau 5G ua haujlwm ntawm qis zog dua li 4G systems tam sim no. Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau xav tias yuav ncav cuag kev xa tawm tag nrho hauv 2020. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo, thev naus laus zis muaj ntau yam kev sib tw los kov yeej. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam tsis paub meej thiab txaus ntshai, cov thev naus laus zis wireless no yuav hloov pauv txoj kev peb sib txuas lus.
Puas yog 5G nyab xeeb?
Lo lus teb yog ob qho tib si yog thiab tsis yog. Txawm hais tias hype nyob ib puag ncig 5G, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tseem muaj ntau qhov tsis paub meej txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm thev naus laus zis. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb loj tshaj plaws yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev noj qab haus huv. Raws li nws sawv, yav tom ntej ntawm 5G zoo li ci ntsa iab. Muaj ntau yam tos ntsoov. Rau qhov pib, 5G thev naus laus zis yuav ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv network cais lub cev lub cev rau ntau lub network virtual. Lub network virtual yuav tso cai rau cov neeg siv khoom siv sib txawv ntawm lub network rau kev siv sib txawv, xws li kev sib tham video.
Qhov zoo ntawm 5G thev naus laus zis tshiab
Thaum cov thev naus laus zis yuav zoo li ntshai, qhov zoo ntawm 5G yog qhov tseeb. Nws hloov cov neeg coob coob 4G kev ua lag luam nrog cov kev siv nyiaj ntau hauv network. Lub tshuab tsis tshua muaj latency ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau streaming video. Nws txoj kev ntseeg siab tso cai rau nws los txhawb kev yees duab thiab suab. Tsis tas li ntawd, 5G kuj tseem pab cov cuab yeej siv roj teeb. Adaptive bandwidth yuav tso cai rau lub xov tooj hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siab thiab qis, ua kom nws tsis txhob tso lub roj teeb.
Yuav kom ua tau zoo tag nrho, 5G mobile networks yuav tsum muaj kev nkag mus rau lub peev xwm ceev rov qab. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws backhaul rau hom network no yuav dhau optical fiber cables. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus neeg muab kev pabcuam muaj cov nroj tsuag fiber ntau hauv lawv lub khw thiab tsis tuaj yeem xauj peev rau lawv cov neeg sib tw. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv yuav tsum tau xauj lub peev xwm los ntawm cov tuam txhab cable TV thiab cov neeg sib tw. Txawm hais tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm thev naus laus zis tau pom tseeb, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no kuj pom tseeb.
5G txawv li 3G, LTE thiab 4G li cas?
5G kuj tseem siv ntau zaus ntau dua li 4G. Nws siv super-ceev millimeter-yoj spectrum. Cov nthwv dej no tsuas yog ob peb millimeters ntev thiab muaj ntau dua li 4G xov tooj cua nthwv dej. Qhov nrawm dua, cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua lawv tuaj yeem nqa tau. Yog li ntawd, 5G muaj lub peev xwm los hloov pauv ntau yam kev lag luam thiab cov khoom lag luam. Nws muaj peev xwm hloov pauv txoj hauv kev uas peb ua haujlwm, ua neej nyob, thiab ua si.
5G siv xov tooj cua ntau dua uas tsis tshua muaj cluttered. Qhov no ua rau nws xa cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua sai dua. Cov thev naus laus zis yuav raug siv los ua lub zog ntse hauv tsev nrog cov peev txheej siab heev. Cov thev naus laus zis yuav pab kom xa cov ntsiab lus sai dua, txo latency, thiab nce cov ntaub ntawv ntim. Lub cim tshiab ntawm kev sib txuas wireless no yuav nrawm dua li tiam dhau los. Nws tseem yuav tso cai rau kev txhim kho cov kev pabcuam tshiab thiab kev siv. Thiab, txawm tias nws txoj kev nyuaj, thev naus laus zis tseem tsis tau npaj los ua haujlwm tag nrho.
Qhov ceev ntawm 5G yuav nrawm heev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hloov kho dua LTE thiab 3G. Nws tseem yuav txhim khu kev qha ntau dua li 4G, yog li nws yuav muaj peev xwm sib tw nrog ISPs uas twb muaj lawm. Nws tseem yuav pab tau cov ntawv thov tshiab, xws li virtual thiab augmented kev muaj tiag. Ntxiv mus, 5G yuav sib xws nrog 4G xov tooj ntawm tes. Ntxiv rau qhov no, thev naus laus zis yuav yog ib qho kev pab zoo rau cov neeg nyob deb nroog.
Variations ntawm 5G: low-band, mid-band thiab high-band
Muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm 5G. Ua ntej, cia peb tham txog cov pab pawg sib txawv. High-band yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau high-speeds, thaum low-band yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau luv luv. Thaum high-band tuaj yeem taug qab cov phab ntsa, nws ceev heev, txawm hais tias nws muaj thaj tsam tsawg. Mid-band muaj qhov nruab nrab-latency thiab me ntsis ntxiv. Qhov qis tshaj plaws poob rau hauv cheeb tsam liab doog. Piv txwv li, T-Mobile tau tsim nws lub teb chaws 5G network siv 600 megahertz band.
Tsawg-band 5G yog lub hauv paus hloov pauv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis. Nws muaj ntau qhov kev pab cuam thiab tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov ntev. Nws yog kwv yees li 20% sai dua 4G, thiab yog siv los ntawm TV chaw nres tsheb. Qhov tseeb, Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Sib Txuas Lus Commission tau npaj siab tias cov qhab nia qis 5G yuav npog cov bands ntawm 600 MHz thiab 900 MHz. Txawm tias qhov no tseem nyob deb, nws tseem yog ib qho kev cog lus loj hlob.
Low-band 5G kev pab cuam tsis yog ceev npaum li high-band, tab sis nws tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho koj lub xov tooj ceev. Qhov nruab nrab-band version kuj xav tias yuav yog qhov chaw qab zib ntawm kev ua tau zoo rau ob peb xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, rau tam sim no, thev naus laus zis tseem nyob rau theem pib. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txawm tias cov xov tooj siab tshaj plaws tsis tau npaj kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm ntau dua-band 5G tes hauj lwm.
Tsawg-band 5G yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm peb. Nws tsis yog qhov hyped tshaj plaws lossis siab tshaj ntawm peb. Tab sis nws tseem yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws thiab nws muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm 600 txog 700 MHz. Qhov nruab nrab band ranges ntawm 2.5 GHz mus rau 4.2 GHz, uas yog dav dua li qhov qis-band spectrum. Tab sis qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem taug kev deb vim muaj kev cuam tshuam, suav nrog cov tsev thiab khoom siv. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias nws muaj kev txwv ntau dua hauv nroog. Txawm li cas los xij, high-band ranges ntawm 24 txog 39GHz. High-band 5G siv zaus nyob rau hauv qis-band thiab nruab nrab-band bands. Cov bands no feem ntau ua tiav qhov nrawm hauv gigabits ib ob.
Thaum lub high-band variant yog qhov hyped tshaj plaws, mid-band 5G variant tsis zoo li pheej hmoo. Nws qhov qis-band spectrum muaj ntau qhov kev pab cuam, tab sis nws qhov tsawg-band zaus tsuas tuaj yeem mus txog tam sim no.
